Tuesday, May 22, 2018

69 - Birth of Coffee, the brew that wakes the world – Part -1, Ethiopian Journey – Blog Post no 69.



This blog post is dedicated to my wife M. Padmavathi, co-writer and my partner in crime. Patient and ever accommodating, Padma was quite annoyed that I had not written about Ethiopian Coffee and its iconic and traditional coffee ceremony even after 68 blog posts and 60,000 words!

She declared “writing an Ethiopian blog without Coffee and Coffee ceremony is like watching a Rajanikanth movie (an Indian super star film actor, known for his stylized acting) without punch dialogues and his trade mark movements and quirks”. 
Just to avoid her wrath and to have peaceful and harmonious relations in the house, I tentatively broached upon a topic that was frankly as dry and as un appetizing as yesterday’s coffee, served cold (pun unintended).

But like I have always observed, once a topic is launched the story types by itself. I just try to give it the needed direction. To my bemusement, what I thought was a non-starter has blossomed into a two-part series. The first part of the coffee journey is in your hands (courtesy the omnipresent smartphone). God willing, the second part should be done and dusted by tomorrow. So dive in and enjoy this one along with a cup of what else, hot piping coffee!
An avid quizzer and a quiz master, one of my favourite quiz question is “where was coffee discovered?”. Most teams are bemused by this question and answers roll in; Indonesia, Brazil, Cuba and even China. I give a hint, “The Latin name of coffee is Coffee Arabica”.
The participating teams pucker up and brighten. “Aha, aha” they would grin internally “that was a dead give way man”. They would yell ‘Saudi Arabia”. And later rattle off as many middle eastern country names as they can remember. Game, set and match, Quiz master. Common sense is not very common.

Coffee Arabica or Coffee as it is popularly called is the brew that wakes up billions of people. It was not discovered in the Arabian Peninsula. It was discovered in the hilly region of Jimma, Ethiopia.

The momentous discovery was at a place called Kaffa and from that word Kaffa came the word Coffee. Then why the word Arabica? For many centuries the potent invigorator was only known to the Ethiopians. Some-time later the delightful qualities of Coffee were discovered by the Arab merchants.

Earlier Ethiopia was much larger and part of it was, Eritrea which later became an independent country. Along the Eritrean border and across the Red Sea, the Arabian Peninsula is very close.
Bab-el-Mandeb ("Gate of Tears" in Arabic) is a strait located between Yemen and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. It provides the gate way to the Gulf of Aden and to the Arabian Peninsula. Tip to tip the land mass of Africa is only 5 (five) kilometres from the Southern-most point of Yemen. Mind boggling to think that we could literally sail away from Africa and land in Yemen a few minutes later!

Ethiopians always had very close contacts with Yemen and enjoyed very cordial relations with the Arabs. The Arab merchants made Coffee popular throughout the world and thus the name Coffee Arabica.
 
History gives credit of discovery of Coffee to an unsung, goat herding young boy Kaldi from the Jimma region. It was an unusually hot and humid day and the spirits of Kaldi and his herd were sinking lower and lower by the minute. The herd was morose and was dispiritedly gnawing at the grass. It was a dead give-away! They were dog (oops goat) tired and wanted to rest.
To Kaldi's utter surprise and horror, suddenly all the goats became very energetic and started jumping up and down. It was a magical, just like the bulb lighting in the mind of Newton on the discovery of gravity and Archimedes leaping out of the bath and rushing home naked crying out "Eureka, Eureka" (I have found it, I have found it) when the principle of 'displacement of water theory' dawned on him. 

At first Kaldi was nonplussed. It was easy to think of super natural intervention and of ghosts and ghostly possessions. But he was made of sterner stuff. Instead of running away wailing and bringing his elders to the spot, Kaldi cautiously ventured out. He was curious to find out the reason for the unusual exuberance of his herd.
That is when Kaldi made a discovery that would change the way we look at mornings and the way we wake up. His goats were chewing on wild berries that had fallen from a tree. Oh the innocence of the youth! The boy took some of the berries and chewed them himself. At first there was the bitter taste and then the high hit him. Kaldi wanted to jump and frisk about, just like his sheep!

Kaldi carried some of the berries home. The berries were a huge hit and soon the entire village was chewing on the berries. It was a high that bet all the other highs. The story of the berries, the high and the boy Kaldi, soon reached the ears of the Ethiopian clergy. The orthodox Ethiopian clergy was not having anything like this happen to their way of life.

It is said that the high priest took possession the offending berries and in a fit of anger threw them into a raging fire. The coffee beans were not pleased at all. They crackled and got roasted. They gave out aroma that was simply out of this world. The clergy were stunned. They left the place in a huff.

The coffee beans were roasted till they turned as black as charcoal. ‘Good riddance to bad rubbish” the clergy must have thought. And the matter was almost forgotten. But there was no denying the coffee beans. Their tryst with destiny was not be denied. They were to rise, literally from the ashes, like the proverbial ‘Phoenix”. A smart helper took out the blackened coffee beans and ground them into powder. He mixed the resultant powder in hot water. Thus was born the first coffee!
This bitter concoction was poured out in small cups (called cini in Amharic) and served to the high clergy. They drank it without a murmur and later discovered that their prayers on that day were more vigorous. They realized that the potent drink made them concentrate better and their commune with the god was more effective.

Blessed with the patronage of the high clergy, coffee’s popularity soared and it became a rage first throughout Ethiopia and later in the Arabian Peninsula. Today Coffee with its stimulant Caffeine is the early morning drink of choice for billions of people throughout the world.   The jury is out whether it is Coffee or tea which is the most popular early morning refresher of the world.
Whatever the choice is, Coffee has been embraced with open arms throughout the world and it is the daily fix that is eagerly awaited. Caffeine high is most sought after and having hot coffee early in the morning is a habit that is very difficult to break. It is a matter of culture and ingrained belief. It is simply, a part of life itself.
Realizing the obscene profits which can be generated if coffee drinkers could be induced to switch from coffee to a cold drink, Pepsi once introduced a soft drink with caffeine, aptly named “Pepsi AM”.
It was vetoed and given a massive thump down by the disconcerting coffee drinkers. Yes, they want a caffeine fix but they wanted it to come their way through the warm embrace of hot, freshly prepared, aromatic smelling and bubbly coffee and not through cold, unwelcoming and refrigerated cold drink. Pepsi Am sank like a dead stone and was given an unceremonious burial by a repentant Pepsi.

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